With some of the highest motorable roads worldwide, a close-up experience of the Himalayas, high-altitude lakes, and primeval wilderness with miles of solitude, the charms of Ladakh are unique. Bhagyalakshmi Krishnamurthy reports

ONE OF THE THREE districts of India™s way-up-north state of Jammu & Kashmir (pop. 12.5 million) and administered by the Ladakh Autonomous Hill Council, Ladakh is one of India™s most unlikely tourism hotspots. Once visited only by foreign travellers exploring monasteries and forlorn mountain trails, Ladakh™s stark, barren and unconventional landscape has been impacted upon the popular imagination by several Hollywood and Bollywood blockbusters, which have brought this isolated region on the radar of India™s more adventurous middle class travellers.
Ensconced in the Upper Indus Valley of Kashmir, straddling the upper Himalayas and the Karakoram range, Ladakh (pop.260,000, of which Tibetan Buddhists constitute 51 percent and Shia Muslims 48 percent) translates into œland of the high passes.
Getting there
With aksai chin, and Xiangjiang (China) to the north and east, and the valley of Kashmir to its west, Ladakh is surrounded on three sides by Pakistan and China and subject to frequent border incursions from troops and patrols of these nations. This explains the major presence of the Indian Army in the district. If despite this geo-political drawback, the region is attracting a rising number of tourists from India and abroad, it™s because the charms of Ladakh are unique and make unconventional demands on tourists. It offers some of the highest motorable roads worldwide, a close-up experience of the Himalayas, high-altitude lakes and a primeval wilderness with miles of solitude. The peak tourist season is mid-May to October. However, quite a few adrenalin-spiked hikers roam Ladakh even beyond October, when the harsh winter sets in.
The easiest ” even if expensive ” access to Ladakh is by air. At 10,692 ft above sea level, Leh™s Kushok Bakula Rinpoche Airport is one of the highest altitude civilian airports of the world. However, landing at the strip is not assured with powerful and unpredictable mountain winds often disrupting schedules. All flights to and from Ladakh operate only during morning hours as winds become stronger and more dangerous post noon. An hour™s flight from Delhi or Srinagar, fares on the Delhi-Leh sector are among the highest and range from Rs.8,000-20,000. Less affluent and more adventurous travellers tend to drive from Manali/Srinagar to Leh, which is among the world™s most scenic roads.
The two-day, 473 km Manali-Leh road winds its way through four steep passes in the Himalayas ” Rohtang (13,060 ft), Baralacha La (16,500 ft), Lachulung La (16,616 ft) and Tanglang La (17,460 ft). It traverses glacial streams and rivulets which feed major rivers including the Chenab and Beas, and affords spectacular vistas of Himalayan peaks. Overnight halts are at Keylong (3,096 ft) which offers conventional hotels (Rs.300-2,400 per room per night) or Sarchu (4,253 ft) and Pang (4,500 ft) with basic yet adequate tented accommodation (Rs.500 -1,000). Most tourists prefer to halt at Keylong to ease the process of altitude acclimatisation.
Driving up the Manali-Leh road is a test of courage (the narrow width of its two-way traffic road barely accommodates one vehicle), stamina and endurance. Yet those who have made this journey have many survival stories to tell, of close shaves and roadblocks relieved by the mesmerising grandeur of the Himalayas. Taxis ply from Manali to Leh charging Rs.3,000 per head or Rs.17,000-22,000 per SUV. Omnibuses of the Himachal Pradesh Tourism Corporation and private buses also ply this route (Rs.600-800 per head).
The 434-km Srinagar-Leh drive is on a historic road ” the major Central Asian trade route along the Indus River used by merchants for over 200 years. There are breathtaking views of the raw landscape as it tunnels through the Zoji La (11,575 ft) and Fotu La (13,478 ft) passes. Unfortunately, NH 1 is not in as good condition as the Manali-Leh highway.
Acclimatisation
Since ladakh falls within the rain shadow region of the Himalayas and is sited above the tree line (mostly above 9,900 ft), vegetation is sparse in this ˜cold desert™. The oxygen-deficient atmosphere at that elevation inflicts varying degrees of altitude mountain sickness (AMS) symptomised by headaches, nausea, dizziness and fatigue upon most visitors. Failure to acclimatise could prompt HAPE (high altitude pulmonary edema) and/or HACE (high altitude cerebral edema) both of which are serious ” and sometimes fatal ” afflictions. Tourists are advised to take acclimatisation seriously by avoiding all physical activity, remaining hydrated, and resting for the first 24 hours. Most people become acclimatised within 12-15 hours. In a rare case when symptoms persist, retreating to the plains is the only solution.
Leh

Leh (pop. 1,17,637), the administrative capital of Ladakh district, is dotted with monuments, museums and monasteries. The War Museum, Shanti Stupa, Leh Palace and Leh Bazaar, are all within a radius of 10 km.
The War Museum, established by the Indian Army, chronicles and showcases the valour and sacrifice of Indian soldiers with pride and poignancy. The Shanti Stupa built by a Japanese Buddhist monk in 1991 and consecrated by the Dalai Lama, contains relics of the Buddha. Sited atop a 13,999 ft mountain, the stupa offers a panoramic view of the surroundings. Likewise Leh Palace, perched precariously against the flat side of the Tsemo Mountain is testimony to the simple life of Ladakh™s royalty. Much of this nine-storey palace is in ruins but the Palace Museum adjoining it, is a treasure trove of ancient tanghka paintings, Ladakhi jewellery and Tibetan handlooms and handicrafts.
Hotels. Top end: Grand Dragon Ladakh, The Druk Ladakh, Shangri-La Ladakh, Hotel Gawaling International, Hotel Lasermo (Rs.4,900-12,000 per room per night). Mid-range: Himalayan Heritage, Dragon, Antelope and Nalanda Ladakh hotels (Rs.2,500-5,000). Budget: Dreamland, Naro, Snow Lion and Yasmin hotels (Rs.1,000-1,800).
Monasteries
Once a district of Tibet, Ladakh hosts ancient and revered monasteries which are a great draw. The Hemis Monastery, which hosts the Hemis festival every July, is the oldest and wealthiest in Ladakh. The festival offers a cultural feast of Ladakh™s dance and music, attracting tourists from all over the world. The monastery at Lamayuru, also one of the oldest, is located at the end of a roller coaster ride, high up in the mountains and houses 150 resident monks. Along the way lies the Moonscape, a stretch of land that resembles the surface of the moon with craters and moon dust!
Thiksey Monastery, known as ˜Mini Potala™ because it™s a replica of the Potala Palace in Lhasa, Tibet which was the main residence of the Dalai Lama until the 14th Dalai Lama fled to India in 1959, houses a 49 ft high Buddha statue, the tallest in Ladakh. At Alchi Monastery, thousand-year-old murals on the walls seem to pulsate with the serene, single-tone chant of monks.
Excursions
The road to the Nubra Valley, accessed from Leh through Khardung La pass (a distance of 115 km), is the highest motorable road in the world. As it climbs from 11,200 ft at Leh to the 18,360 ft Khardung La, the brown mountains with blue, mauve and grey chips of stone give way to glaciers with snow that is deceptively deep. In these surreal surroundings, flora and fauna are conspicuously absent. At the top of the pass, drivers remind tourists not to expose themselves to the elements for more than three-four minutes and to refrain from vigorous activity, because at that altitude, mountain sickness (AMS) can strike swiftly and hard, and they could easily walk off a cliff as they lose all sense of direction.
After a mandatory three-minute stop at the Khardung La, vehicles descend to the green Nubra valley where walnut, apricot, almond and apple trees provide a striking contrast to the denuded beauty of upper Ladakh. Here you™ll see the double humped Bactrian camel, a ride on which is highly recommended. The undulating, white sand dunes of Hundar are another attraction of the valley and at Panamik, there are hot sulphur springs with reportedly curative properties.
Hotels. Top-end: Most tourists stay at Diskit. Himalayan Desert and Mystique Meadows Swiss Cottage camps with en suite toilets (Rs.5,500 per night upwards). Mid-range: Nubra Ethnic Camp and Silk Route cottages (Rs.3,300 upwards). Budget: Sand Dunes and Olthang guest houses and Hotel Sten Del (Rs.400-1,500).
Lakes of Ladakh
A major attraction of Ladakh is its glacial lakes, of which Tso Moriri (15,075 ft asl) and Pangong Tso (14,370 ft) are the most visited. The five-hour drive from Leh to Pangong is through the Chang La pass (17,000 ft) on a narrow, ice-laden road twisting through mountains that seem to touch the sky. Yet the testing and often scary drive to Pangong Tso is worth the effort as the water changes colours during the day. This serene and seemingly unending lake is the nesting sanctuary of rare birds such as the Brahminy Duck and the bareheaded goose. It™s also pertinent to note that 60 percent of Pangong Tso™s water body is within Tibet (China) and patrolled by the Chinese Army, with the remaining 40 under Indian jurisdiction. A popular location of Bollywood directors, the excursion to Pangong Tso is best completed in a day as residential accommodation is very basic with hotels unable to provide running hot water.
Brimming over at an even higher altitude of 15,057 ft is the 120 sq. km Tso Moriri which is squarely within Indian territory. Sited 240 km from Leh on the Leh-Manali route, it™s advisable to attempt this excursion only after complete acclimatisation. Since the drive takes six-seven hours (albeit through stunning scenery), the excursion requires two days. Overnight accommodation is available in Korzok village and requires advance booking.
Hotels. Tso Mo Riri Camp and Resort (Rs.800-3,000 per night) offers luxury Swiss tents with attached toilets; Nomadic Lake Camp (Rs.800-2,000); and Mentok, Lake View and Crane guest houses (Rs.600-800) with excellent views of the lake, and shared toilets.
Other excursions
The Magnetic Hill, 30 km from Leh, is an upward sloping road on which your car will œclimb with the ignition switched off because of magnetic force! Off-the-beaten track sorties are the rugged villages of Dha and Hanu and the Hanle Observatory. The descendants of Alexander the Great who invaded north India in 326 BCE are believed to be living in these villages, 163 km from Leh. Tourists are permitted, with prior permission from the district collector. This is a two-day excursion offering overnight tented accommodation.
At Hanle, 275 km from Leh, the Indian Astronomical Society has constructed the world™s altitudinally highest observatory equipped with the gamma ray telescope, the Himalayan Chandra. Permission from the Indian Institute of Astrophysics, Bangalore, is required for visiting Hanle.
For the shopaholics, there™s a treasure trove of Tibetan and Kashmiri handicrafts and handlooms in the Leh Bazaar. Scarves, singing bowls (a type of bell), Tibetan votive objects, precious and semi-precious stones and jewellery are available aplenty. But watch out for fakes and touts.
NB: Valid ID proofs (passport, driving licence, PAN card, etc) are advised even for Indian nationals.